Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show England Dep table	County Durham RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	142,660
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	1,072
(1) Officers of National Government	406
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	25
Post Office	150
Inland Revenue	62
Customs	164
Government Messengers, Workmen	1
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	4
(2) Officers of Local Government	661
Magistrate	42
Police	411
Prison Officer	22
Union and Parish Officer	110
Officer of Local Board	16
Other Local Officers	60
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	5
E. India and Col. Service	5
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	437
(1) Army	304
Army Officer	11
Army Half-pay Officer	12
Soldier	62
Chelsea Pensioner	146
Militia	67
Others	6
(2) Navy	133
Navy Officer	11
Navy Half-pay Officer	8
Seaman, R.N.	23
Royal Marine	3
Greenwich Pensioner	28
Others	60
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	2,670
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	567
Clergyman	256
Protestant Minister	167
Roman Catholic Priest	38
Other Relig. Teachers	35
Parish Clerk	23
Other Church Officers	48
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	392
Barrister	23
Solicitor	195
Law Student	1
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	28
Law Clerk	139
Law Stationer	6
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	703
Physician	48
Surgeon, Apothecary	277
Medical Student, Assist.	44
Dentist	12
Druggist	304
Others	18
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	49
Author, Editor, Writer	24
Ors. eng. in Literature	25
(5) Artists	100
Artist, Painter	38
Sculptor	5
Engraver	22
Photographic Artist	35
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	132
Musician	85
Music-master	47
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	69
Actor	50
In Theatres, Exhibitions	19
(8) Teachers	573
Schoolmaster	434
Teacher of Languages	18
Profes. of Mathematics	13
Teacher (General)	96
Teacher of Dancing	2
Other Teachers	10
(9) Scientific Persons	85
Civil Engineer	70
Other Scientific Persons	15
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	273
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	182
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	182
(4) Scholars (so described)	91
Scholar (so described)	91
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	2,137
(1) In Board and Lodging	1,323
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	608
Publican	536
Beerseller	100
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	49
Coffee-house Keeper	12
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	4
Others--Boarding, &c.	14
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	814
Domst. Serv. (General)	325
Coachman	94
Groom	134
Gardener	117
Inn Servant	102
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	33
Others	9
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	2,230
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	1,672
Merchant	101
Banker	19
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	41
Stock Broker, &c.	9
Ship Broker, Agent	188
Broker	16
Agent, Factor	175
Coal, Colliery Agent	183
Iron Merchant, Agent	58
Salesman	1
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	70
Accountant	96
Commercial Clerk	527
Commercial Traveller	163
Other Mercantile Men	25
(2) Other General Dealers	558
Pawnbroker	59
Marine-store Dealer	66
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	60
Shopkeeper	29
Hawker, Pedlar	340
Other General Dealers	4
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	16,352
(1) Carriers on Railways	1,927
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	821
Railway Official	432
Railway Servant	608
Railway Police	20
Ors. eng. in	46
(2) Carriers on Roads	1,685
Toll Collector	58
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	27
Livery Staple Keeper	8
Coachman (not domstc.)	137
Cabman, Flyman	44
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	1,411
Others	0
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	964
Canal and River Service	9
Bargeman, Waterman	949
Others	6
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	11,398
Shipowner	299
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	9,159
Pilot	643
Boatman on Seas	3
Dock Servant, Labourer	911
Wharfinger	27
Others	356
(5) Engaged in Storage	181
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	103
Others in Storage	78
(6) Messengers and Porters	197
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	168
Telegraph Service	26
Others in Messages	3
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	14,365
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	13,230
Land Proprietor	250
Farmer, Grazier	3,867
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	1,097
Farm Bailiff	179
Agricultural Labourer	6,538
Shepherd (out-door)	88
Farm Servant (in-door)	1,038
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	95
Others in Agriculture	78
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	228
Woodman	228
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	907
Gardener	888
Nurseryman	19
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	1,100
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	1,100
Horse Dealer	13
Horsebreaker	25
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	467
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	65
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	93
Drover	40
Pig Merchant, Dealer	7
Gamekeeper	133
Vermin Destroyer	20
Fisherman	227
Others about Animals	10
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	21,117
(1) In Books	416
Bookseller, Publisher	84
Bookbinder	50
Printer	246
Newspaper Agent	26
Others in Publications	10
(2) In Musical Instrument	17
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	7
Others	10
(3) In Prints and Pictures	15
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5
Others	10
(4) In Carving and Figures	23
Wood-carver	9
Others	14
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	11
Toy Maker, Dealer	10
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	1
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	39
Pattern Designer	17
Others	22
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	231
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	212
Optician	10
Weight or Measure Mkr.	2
Others	7
(8) In Surgical Instruments	0
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	0
Others	0
(9) In Arms	32
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	20
Others	12
(10) In Machines	2,467
Eng. and Mach. Maker	2,226
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	3
Tool Maker, Dealer	29
File-maker	95
Saw Smith, Maker	20
Cutler	26
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	2
Razor-maker	1
Others in Tools, Mchns.	65
(11) In Carriages	135
Coachmaker	132
Others	3
(12) In Harness	205
Saddler, Harness-maker	204
Whip-maker	1
(13) In Ships	5,140
Shipbldr., Shipwright	4,286
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	234
Boat, Barge,--Builder	179
Sailmaker	262
Others	179
(14) In Houses and Buildings	9,424
House Proprietor	205
House Agent	35
Architect	34
Surveyor	16
Builder	257
Carpenter, Joiner	4,031
Bricklayer	726
Marble Mason	5
Mason, Pavior	2,894
Slater, Tiler	117
Plasterer	99
Paperhanger	6
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	997
Others	2
(15) In Furniture	729
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	595
Undertaker	1
Chair-maker	11
Picture-frame Maker	10
Carver, Gilder	58
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	5
Furniture Broker	48
Others	1
(16) In Implements	683
Wheelwright	427
Millwright	246
Other Implement Mkrs.	10
(17) In Chemicals	1,550
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	1,480
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	16
Dyer, Calenderer	30
Others	24
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	8,364
(1) In Wool and Worsted	464
Woolstapler	22
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	52
Clothier	11
Fuller	1
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	7
Worsted manufacture	130
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	1
Blanket manufacture	1
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	235
Others	4
(2) In Silk	17
Silk manufacture	7
Silk Dyer, Printer	6
Silk Mercer	2
Ribbon manufacture	0
Others	2
(3) In Cotton and Flax	193
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	155
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	0
Cotton manufacture	30
Fustian manufacture	1
Muslin manufacture	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	6
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	1
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	837
Packer and Presser	1
Weaver (undefined)	49
Manchester Warehmn.	0
Draper, Mercer	768
Others	19
(5) In Dress	6,384
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	177
Hatter, Hat manuf.	104
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	0
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	3
Tailor	2,290
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	55
Button-maker	2
Hose manufacture	3
Hosier, Haberdasher	42
Glover, Leather, &c.	10
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	3,609
Patten, Clog,--Maker	54
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	15
Others providing Dress	20
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	469
Mat Maker, Seller	3
Rope, Cord,--Maker	346
Canvas Maker, Dealer	57
Sailcloth manufacture	57
Others	6
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	5,799
(1) In Animal Food	1,874
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	60
Cheesemonger	31
Butcher, Meat Salesman	1,530
Provision Curer, Dealer	157
Poulterer, Game Dealer	10
Fishmonger	70
Others	16
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,374
Corn Merchant, Dealer	71
Miller	604
Flour Dealer, Agent	38
Baker	236
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	124
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	249
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	8
Potato Merchant	31
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	8
Sugar Refiner	2
Others	3
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	2,551
Maltster	62
Brewer, &c.	284
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	118
Distiller, Rectifier	4
Cellarman	15
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	36
Grocer, Tea Dealer	1,935
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	8
Tobacconist	24
Others	65
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	579
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	151
Soap-boiler	11
Tallow-chandler	94
Comb-maker	1
Others	45
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	374
Fellmonger	20
Skinner	26
Tanner	126
Currier	195
Others	7
(3) In Hair	54
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	1
Brush, Broom,--Maker	53
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,994
(1) In Gums and Resins	48
Oil Miller, Refiner	4
Oil and Colourman	1
French-polisher	29
Japanner	2
Others	12
(2) In Wood	1,496
Timber Merch., Dealer	206
Wood Dealer	21
Sawyer	754
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	2
Lath-maker	23
Turner	78
Box-maker	0
Cooper	384
Hoop Maker, Bender	0
Others	28
(3) In Bark	24
Cork Cutter, manuf.	24
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	99
Basket-maker	73
Hay and Straw Dealer	22
Thatcher	2
Others	2
(5) In Paper	327
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	36
Paper manufacture	241
Stationer (not Law)	31
Paper-stainer	3
Others Workers in Paper	16
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	52,477
(1) In Mining	28,969
Coal-miner	26,241
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	1,884
Iron-miner	294
Others	550
(2) In Coal	1,857
Coal Merchant, Dealer	125
Coalheaver, Labourer	460
Coke Burner, Dealer	1,080
Chimney Sweeper	43
Gas Works Service	134
Other Workers in Coal	15
(3) In Stone, Clay	4,367
Stone Quarrier	888
Stone Cutter, Polisher	32
Slate Quarrier	18
Limestone Quar., Burner	253
Clay Labourer	8
Brick Maker, Dealer	797
Railway Labourer	1,197
Platelayer	650
Excavator, Navvy	191
Road Contractor, &c.	28
Road Labourer	179
Scavenger	21
Dust Collector	1
Others	104
(4) In Earthenware	776
Earthenware manuf.	596
Tobacco-pipe Makers	126
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	54
Others	0
(5) In Glass	1,609
Glass manufacture	1,609
Other Workers in Glass	0
(6) In Salt	9
Salt manufacture	4
Other Dealers in Salt	5
(7) In Water	38
Waterworks Service	30
Others	8
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	47
Goldsmith, Jeweller	45
Plater, Plated Wareman	1
Others	1
(9) In Copper	48
Copper manufacture	7
Coppersmith	41
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	277
Tin manufacture	27
Tinman, Tinker	224
Tinplate Worker	26
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	1
Zinc manufacture	1
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	280
Lead manufacture	278
Typefounder	0
Others	2
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	319
Brass Founder, manuf.	178
Brazier	19
Locksmith, Bellhanger	5
Gasfitter	32
Wire Maker, Drawer	3
Wire Worker, Weaver	55
Others	27
(14) In Iron and Steel	13,880
Iron manufacture	7,860
Whitesmith	141
Blacksmith	4,082
Nail manufacture	217
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	504
Boiler-maker	855
Ironmonger	87
Hardwareman, Dealer	30
Steel manufacture	16
Grinder (branch undef.)	11
Others	77
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	9,864
(1) General Labourers	8,928
Labourer	8,928
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	936
Mechanic	27
Shopman	8
Apprentice	4
Others of indef. occu.	897
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	196
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	196
Gentleman	117
Annuitant	79
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	229
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	206
Dependent on Relatives	9
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	29
Pauper, no stated occ.	78
Lunatic, no stated occ.	63
Others	27
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1
Prisoner, no stated occ.	1
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	22
Vagrant, Beggar	22
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	1,405
Visitor, no stated occ.	50
Others of no stated occupation or condition	1,355

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.