Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Hertfordshire RegC	Barnet RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	264	9
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	64	3
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	42	2
Prison Service, &c.	3	-
Police	134	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	9	3
Other Local or County Official	12	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	82	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	6	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	14	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	43	-
Army Pensioner	14	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	4	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	519	565
Clergymen (Established Church)	31	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	7	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	30
Theological Student	16	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	32	3
Barrister, Solicitor	60	-
Law Student	6	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	64	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	31	-
Dentist	7	-
Medical Student, Assistant	5	-
Midwife	-	2
Subordinate Medical Service	2	196
Schoolmaster	66	143
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	21	122
School Service, and others connected with teaching	4	16
Author, Editor, Journalist	13	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	8	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	1
Civil Engineer	27	-
Mining Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	17	-
Painter (artist)	8	6
Engraver (artist)	3	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	19	-
Musician, Music Master	10	28
Art Student	5	9
Photographer	37	4
Actor	3	2
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	4	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	498	3,417
Domestic Coachman, Groom	105	-
Domestic Gardener	133	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	145	2,862
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	3	4
Inn, Hotel Servant	39	28
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Cook (not domestic)	3	3
Charwoman	-	136
Washing and Bathing Service	7	363
Hospital and Institution Service	59	21
Others engaged in Service	3	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	681	12
Merchant	53	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	89	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	19	-
Accountant	23	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	2	-
Commercial Traveller	58	-
Commercial Clerk	337	8
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	3	-
Banker	5	-
Bank Service	47	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	42	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	606	7
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	2	-
Railway Guard	7	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	161	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	16	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	123	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	118	-
Tramway Companies' Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	4	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	46	-
Ship Steward, Cook	4	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	10	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	30	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	79	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,197	23
Farmer, Grazier	70	5
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	14	-
Farm Bailiff	23	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	507	13
Shepherd	7	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	2	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	54	2
Gardener (not domestic)	518	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	101	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	4	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	55	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	18	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	5	-
Drover	5	-
Gamekeeper	6	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	1
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	5	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	96	15
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	17	4
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	1
Bookbinder	8	7
Printer	57	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	5	2
Others	2	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	-	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	78	1
Engine, Machine Maker	7	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	7	-
Boiler Maker	3	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Steel Pen Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	19	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	10	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	20	-
Type Cutter, Founder	2	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	-
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,209	22
Builder	79	1
Carpenter, Joiner	388	-
Bricklayer	283	1
Mason	56	1
Plasterer, Whitewasher	72	-
Paperhanger	6	-
Plumber	58	2
Painter, Glazier	176	1
Cabinet Maker	44	8
French Polisher	2	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	6	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Gas Fitter	22	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Wood Carver	3	-
Carver, Gilder	2	-
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
Artificial Flower Maker	3	5
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	68	2
Coachmaker	21	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	27	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	19	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	6	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	4	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	38	-
Dye, Paint Manufacture	1	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	4	-
Chemist, Druggist	29	-
Manufacturing Chemist	4	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	15	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	13	2
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	606	65
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	76	7
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	10
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	2	1
Brewer	16	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	22	1
Cellarman	4	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	15	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	32	5
Cheesemonger, Butterman	3	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	103	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	9	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	1
Fishmonger	33	4
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	10	2
Corn Miller	2	-
Baker	119	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	6	6
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	27	5
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	2	-
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	117	14
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	4	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	139	83
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	11	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	7	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	4	13
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	5
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	1	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Weaver (undefined)	7	2
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	3
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	2	-
Manchester Warehouseman	7	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	76	46
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	7
Trimming Maker, Dealer	2	4
Embroiderer	1	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	304	534
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	6	4
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	4	11
Tailor	102	28
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	4	326
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	147
Hosiery Manufacture	1	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	13	1
Glover, Glove Maker	1	1
Button Maker, Dealer	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	145	13
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	20	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	6	2
Accoutrement Maker	1	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	44	8
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Furrier, Skinner	7	2
Currier	20	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	6	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	5	5
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	2	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	91	17
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Oil and Colourman	9	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	4	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	8	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	7	-
Sawyer	13	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	4	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	4	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	6	1
Paper Manufacture	2	1
Envelope Maker	-	3
Stationer, Law Stationer	19	5
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	5	4
Ticket, Label Writer	-	1
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	360	9
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	2	-
Mine Service	5	-
Coal Merchant	21	1
Coalheaver	10	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	23	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Limeburner	2	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	52	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	2	-
Road Labourer	5	-
Railway Contractor	3	-
Platelayer	43	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	14	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	8	-
Glass Manufacture	2	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	1
Salt Maker, Dealer	1	-
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	25	1
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	-	2
[Iron Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	78	-
Whitesmith	6	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	25	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
[Coppersmith]	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	2
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	4	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	-	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,153	82
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	34	21
Pawnbroker	4	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	20	30
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	7	3
Contractor (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	1,018	5
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	18	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	40	7
Apprentice (undefined)	3	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	5	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	15
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	14	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	12	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	2	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	448	1,233
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	448	1,233
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	210	4,963
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	15	-
[Blank field, or illegible]	195	4,963

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)