Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Darlington RegD/PLU	Darlington CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	118	3
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	32	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	26	-
Police	37	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	20	2
Other Local or County Official	3	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	15	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	5	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	294	255
Clergymen (Established Church)	9	-
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	18	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	9	10
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	3
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	1
Barrister, Solicitor	22	-
Law Student	3	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	54	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	15	-
Dentist	7	-
Medical Student, Assistant	6	-
Subordinate Medical Service	2	31
Schoolmaster	44	166
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	20
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	3
Author, Editor, Journalist	9	1
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	14	-
Mining Engineer	5	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	6	-
Painter (artist)	1	2
Sculptor	3	-
Architect	13	-
Musician, Music Master	16	11
Art Student	3	2
Photographer	6	2
Actor	1	2
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	8	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	160	1,636
Domestic Coachman, Groom	36	-
Domestic Gardener	75	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	24	1,462
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	-	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	17	27
College, Club Service	2	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	8
Cook (not domestic)	-	6
Charwoman	1	61
Washing and Bathing Service	1	59
Hospital and Institution Service	1	12
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	393	7
Merchant	1	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	16	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	18	-
Accountant	53	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	2	-
Commercial Traveller	61	1
Commercial Clerk	177	4
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	37	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	25	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	826	4
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	208	-
Railway Guard	90	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	8	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	332	2
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	15	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	36	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	72	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	8	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	3	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	48	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	5	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	195	14
Farmer, Grazier	25	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	9	-
Farm Bailiff	7	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	88	12
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	2	-
Woodman	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	4	-
Gardener (not domestic)	59	2
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	65	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	38	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	9	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	14	-
Drover	2	-
Fisherman	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	160	14
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	16	1
Bookbinder	6	7
Printer	126	6
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	7	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	976	8
Engine, Machine Maker	195	1
Millwright	9	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	509	2
Boiler Maker	186	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	4	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	5	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
File Maker	3	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	25	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	19	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	5	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	4	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	4	5
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,164	8
Builder	40	-
Carpenter, Joiner	394	-
Bricklayer	194	-
Mason	79	-
Slater, Tiler	37	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	15	-
Paperhanger	2	-
Plumber	109	-
Painter, Glazier	180	-
Cabinet Maker	80	8
French Polisher	5	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	12	-
Gas Fitter	4	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Wood Carver	3	-
Carver, Gilder	7	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	166	-
Coachmaker	59	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	38	-
Wheelwright	12	-
Others	39	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	18	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	11	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	3	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	8	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	34	-
Dye, Paint Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	26	-
Manufacturing Chemist	5	-
Drysalter	2	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	16	9
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	14	8
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	583	160
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	54	8
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	6	40
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	5	-
Maltster	11	-
Brewer	17	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	20	5
Cellarman	4	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	11	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	20	7
Butcher, Meat Salesman	119	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	15	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	5	3
Fishmonger	17	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	21	-
Corn Miller	31	-
Baker	7	2
Confectioner, Pastrycook	16	48
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	26	9
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	172	27
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	230	369
Woolstapler	3	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	36	65
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	46	228
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	35
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	4	10
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	2
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Weaver (undefined)	-	3
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	3	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	4
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	3	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	123	16
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	3
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	349	666
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	12	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	1
Tailor	168	30
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	3	550
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	53
Hosier, Haberdasher	5	11
Glover, Glove Maker	1	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	129	13
Patten, Clog Maker	3	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	22	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	4
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	81	3
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	1
Comb Maker	-	1
Furrier, Skinner	3	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	35	-
Currier	33	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	5	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	74	5
Oil and Colourman	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	3	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	8	1
Sawyer	24	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	2	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	7	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	8	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	12	3
Others	3	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	2,381	9
Coal Miner	9	-
Ironstone Miner	2	-
Mine Service	8	-
Coal Merchant	30	1
Coalheaver	11	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	18	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	2	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	26	1
Paviour	4	-
Road Labourer	9	-
Railway Contractor	9	-
Platelayer	29	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	57	1
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	3	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	5	1
Waterworks Service	5	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	16	-
Lapidary	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	1,727	1
[Steel Manufacture]	22	-
Blacksmith	261	3
Whitesmith	24	-
Nail Manufacture	3	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	29	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
[Coppersmith]	5	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	10	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	10	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	24	1
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	8	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	8	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	743	24
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	18	4
Pawnbroker	4	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	17	12
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	1	-
Contractor (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	594	1
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	70	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	16	4
Apprentice (undefined)	1	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	11	2
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	8	-
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	19	1
Town Drainage Service	8	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	10	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	-	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	149	941
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	149	941
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	46	5,359
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	4	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	42	5,357

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)