Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Strand RegD/PLU	St Clement Danes CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	59	5
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	16	4
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	14	1
Police	26	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	1	-
Other Local or County Official	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	26	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	11	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	3	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	5	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	5	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	265	109
Clergymen (Established Church)	8	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	1	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	-	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	2
Barrister, Solicitor	52	-
Law Student	8	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	42	2
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	24	-
Dentist	3	-
Medical Student, Assistant	19	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	2	53
Schoolmaster	4	12
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	11
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	12	1
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	10	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	4	1
Engraver (artist)	5	-
Architect	8	-
Musician, Music Master	17	5
Art Student	1	1
Photographer	3	1
Actor	11	9
Art, Music, Theatre Service	12	7
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	5	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	186	1,092
Domestic Coachman, Groom	2	-
Domestic Gardener	1	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	30	696
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	124	69
College, Club Service	7	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	7	13
Cook (not domestic)	6	1
Charwoman	-	117
Washing and Bathing Service	1	146
Hospital and Institution Service	3	50
Others engaged in Service	3	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	231	15
Merchant	17	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	21	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	5	-
Accountant	13	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	8	5
Commercial Traveller	22	-
Commercial Clerk	128	10
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Banker	2	-
Bank Service	10	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	3	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	412	12
Other Railway Officials and Servants	6	3
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	1	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	22	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	54	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	1	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	11	-
Pilot	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	2	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	21	5
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	291	4
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	23	8
Farmer, Grazier	4	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	2	2
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	4	-
Woodman	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	8	6
Gardener (not domestic)	4	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	26	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	18	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	7	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	356	114
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	33	6
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	3	1
Bookbinder	37	100
Printer	238	3
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	24	1
Others	2	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	12	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	6	3
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	45	2
Engine, Machine Maker	9	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	5	-
Boiler Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Saw Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	5	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	7	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	1	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	2	1
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	2	-
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	-
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	321	25
Builder	9	-
Carpenter, Joiner	60	-
Bricklayer	62	-
Mason	11	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	11	-
Paperhanger	5	-
Plumber	18	1
Painter, Glazier	74	-
Cabinet Maker	15	11
French Polisher	9	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	1	2
Locksmith, Bellhanger	6	-
Gas Fitter	17	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	6	1
Carver, Gilder	13	1
Dealer in Works of Art	3	-
Artificial Flower Maker	-	8
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	17	-
Coachmaker	13	-
Wheelwright	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	3	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	2	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	13	16
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	2	1
Chemist, Druggist	7	4
Manufacturing Chemist	2	11
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	13	1
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	13	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	283	92
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	52	22
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	13	25
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	13	5
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	2	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	1	1
Cellarman	8	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	8	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	13	6
Cheesemonger, Butterman	10	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	40	-
Provision Curer, Dealer	4	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	4	-
Fishmonger	19	6
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Baker	37	1
Confectioner, Pastrycook	8	9
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	28	5
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	-	3
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	18	3
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	33	34
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	4	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	2	1
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	2	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	1
Weaver (undefined)	-	2
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	3	2
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	15	18
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	1
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	3
Embroiderer	-	5
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	209	254
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	8	4
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	1
Tailor	99	67
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	2	103
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	1	48
Hosier, Haberdasher	9	2
Button Maker, Dealer	3	9
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	68	7
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	13	4
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	4
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	5
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	24	14
Soap Boiler, Maker	2	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Comb Maker	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	4	2
Tanner, Fellmonger	2	-
Currier	5	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	8	4
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	7
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	71	44
Oil and Colourman	7	-
Japanner	-	3
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	2	4
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	2	3
Sawyer	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	6	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	5	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Paper Manufacture	7	1
Envelope Maker	-	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	19	13
Card, Pattern Card Maker	6	1
Paper Stainer	1	2
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	4	10
Ticket, Label Writer	3	2
Others	5	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	142	8
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	9	-
Coalheaver	15	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	3	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	4	-
Paviour	2	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	2
Glass Manufacture	5	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	1
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	14	-
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	2	-
[Iron Manufacture]	7	-
[Steel Manufacture]	1	-
Blacksmith	24	-
Whitesmith	3	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	6	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
[Coppersmith]	3	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	5	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	14	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	4
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	451	117
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	59	38
Pawnbroker	11	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	53	55
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	11	-
General Labourer	254	-
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	8	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	34	6
Apprentice (undefined)	5	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	15	3
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	14
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	15	-
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	6	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	7	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	84	195
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	84	195
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	52	1,152
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	4	10
[Blank field, or illegible]	48	1,142

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)