1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Hackney RegD/PLU	Hackney Vest/CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	1,097	128
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	476	114
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	225	4
Prison Service, &c.	3	-
Police	269	2
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	96	8
Other Local or County Official	24	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	107	8
Army Officer (effective/retired)	18	3
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	20	3
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	24	-
Army Pensioner	19	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	8	-
Seaman, R.N.	14	-
Navy Pensioner	4	1
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	2,214	2,125
Clergymen (Established Church)	88	1
Roman Catholic Priest	12	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	57	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	55	45
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	42
Theological Student	35	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	24	29
Barrister, Solicitor	116	1
Law Student	6	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	543	6
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	118	2
Dentist	29	3
Medical Student, Assistant	81	5
Midwife	-	11
Subordinate Medical Service	14	560
Schoolmaster	282	713
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	43	408
School Service, and others connected with teaching	25	7
Author, Editor, Journalist	68	8
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	50	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	17	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	13	1
Civil Engineer	65	-
Mining Engineer	6	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	45	-
Painter (artist)	52	26
Engraver (artist)	68	2
Sculptor	4	-
Architect	77	3
Musician, Music Master	100	181
Art Student	27	29
Photographer	41	29
Actor	13	12
Art, Music, Theatre Service	4	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	4	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	32	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	1,056	11,662
Domestic Coachman, Groom	217	2
Domestic Gardener	165	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	161	9,283
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	13	2
Inn, Hotel Servant	360	179
College, Club Service	5	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	10	5
Cook (not domestic)	41	4
Charwoman	1	561
Washing and Bathing Service	49	1,531
Hospital and Institution Service	33	93
Others engaged in Service	1	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	7,396	220
Merchant	135	4
Broker, Agent, Factor	538	8
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	122	1
Accountant	200	7
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	44	22
Commercial Traveller	1,053	6
Commercial Clerk	4,507	148
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	16	1
Banker	4	-
Bank Service	439	6
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	12	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	326	16
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	3,802	60
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	11	-
Railway Guard	19	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	8	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	644	6
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	35	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	366	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	810	5
Tramway Companies' Service	63	1
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Inland Navigation Service	4	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	36	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	13	2
Seaman (Merchant Service)	189	2
Pilot	2	-
Ship Steward, Cook	21	1
Boatman on Seas	3	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	120	5
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	561	9
Meter, Weigher	1	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	846	7
Telegraph, Telephone Service	49	19
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	443	27
Farmer, Grazier	28	1
Farm Bailiff	6	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	76	15
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	7	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	76	10
Gardener (not domestic)	249	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	255	4
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	16	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	142	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	53	1
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	13	1
Drover	13	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	10	-
Vermin Destroyer	2	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	5	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	1,483	143
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	164	15
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	11	1
Bookbinder	224	99
Printer	891	21
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	66	3
Others	2	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	113	3
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	7	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	5	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	990	68
Engine, Machine Maker	131	3
Millwright	13	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	92	5
Boiler Maker	10	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	7	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	1
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	10	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	16	-
File Maker	1	-
Saw Maker	8	1
Pin Maker	-	1
Needle Maker	1	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Domestic Implement Maker	4	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	193	9
Philosophical Instrument Maker	85	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	60	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	29	1
Surgical Instrument Maker	25	9
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	19	2
Ordnance Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	171	5
Type Cutter, Founder	29	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	18	2
Toy Maker, Dealer	34	18
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	9	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	15	7
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	6,171	242
Builder	409	6
Carpenter, Joiner	1,360	7
Bricklayer	868	6
Mason	265	4
Slater, Tiler	14	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	243	-
Paperhanger	65	-
Plumber	215	-
Painter, Glazier	944	1
Cabinet Maker	1,101	71
French Polisher	87	18
Furniture Broker, Dealer	58	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	25	1
Gas Fitter	130	1
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	77	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	31	5
Wood Carver	87	-
Carver, Gilder	131	3
Dealer in Works of Art	20	1
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	4	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	16	-
Artificial Flower Maker	21	115
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	293	23
Coachmaker	90	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	84	3
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	8	1
Others	9	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	101	18
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	48	2
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	26	2
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	9	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	6	-
Sail Maker	6	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	390	26
Dye, Paint Manufacture	82	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	24	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	10	6
Chemist, Druggist	182	5
Manufacturing Chemist	81	11
Drysalter	10	2
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	216	27
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	198	24
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	18	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	3,418	435
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	239	34
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	2	111
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	73	22
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Maltster	5	-
Brewer	46	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	67	8
Cellarman	79	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	131	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	280	15
Cheesemonger, Butterman	120	6
Butcher, Meat Salesman	520	19
Provision Curer, Dealer	121	15
Poulterer, Game Dealer	31	1
Fishmonger	181	9
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	90	3
Corn Miller	2	-
Baker	427	32
Confectioner, Pastrycook	177	101
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	218	25
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	13	3
Sugar Refiner	19	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	562	28
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	14	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	1,272	789
Woolstapler	8	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	31	7
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	3	1
Flannel Manufacture	3	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	56	2
Others	-	4
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	77	54
Silk Dyer, Printer	3	1
Ribbon Manufacture	3	1
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	3	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	33	2
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	7	10
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	3	1
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	5	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	26	5
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	13	42
Thread Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	8	4
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	66	5
Mat Maker, Seller	7	2
Net Maker	-	3
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	1	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	3
Weaver (undefined)	2	13
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	72	34
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	3	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	45	2
Manchester Warehouseman	33	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	597	366
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	71	70
Trimming Maker, Dealer	82	100
Embroiderer	6	54
Others	-	3
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	2,855	4,451
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	78	14
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	14	13
Tailor	474	216
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	121	2,863
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	67	574
Hosiery Manufacture	23	13
Hosier, Haberdasher	114	202
Glover, Glove Maker	16	6
Button Maker, Dealer	21	15
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	1,735	469
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	92	4
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	94	44
Accoutrement Maker	3	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	15
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	634	304
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	17	1
Soap Boiler, Maker	15	1
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Manure Manufacture	2	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	75	5
Comb Maker	20	18
Others	15	17
Furrier, Skinner	113	83
Tanner, Fellmonger	5	-
Currier	94	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	86	14
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	16	7
Brush, Broom, Maker	146	100
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	22	57
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	1,231	359
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	17	4
Oil and Colourman	125	12
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	5	-
Japanner	12	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	50	13
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	5	6
Others	14	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	24	17
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	-
Thatcher	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	138	6
Sawyer	76	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	34	1
Wood Turner, Box Maker	70	2
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	119	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	16	-
Others	1	2
Paper Manufacture	30	4
Envelope Maker	4	37
Stationer, Law Stationer	351	95
Card, Pattern Card Maker	5	-
Paper Stainer	44	17
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	57	131
Ticket, Label Writer	18	3
Others	9	8
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,650	89
Coal Miner	2	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	3	-
Mine Service	4	-
Coal Merchant	58	3
Coalheaver	97	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	3	-
Gas Works Service	136	2
Stone Quarrier	2	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	27	2
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	8	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	1
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	8	1
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	54	1
Paviour	10	1
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	4	-
Road Labourer	29	-
Railway Contractor	6	-
Platelayer	39	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	45	-
Others	4	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	18	11
Glass Manufacture	104	3
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	50	16
Salt Maker, Dealer	2	-
Waterworks Service	19	1
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	240	14
Gold, Silver, Beater	15	2
Lapidary	3	-
Others	15	7
[Iron Manufacture]	73	2
[Steel Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	135	-
Whitesmith	21	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	3	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	116	7
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	27	1
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	17	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	72	2
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	24	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	23	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	87	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	2	3
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	7	1
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	10	2
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	7	-
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	1	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	-	1
Others	4	3
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,728	918
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	236	203
Pawnbroker	70	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	89	21
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	84	33
Contractor (undefined)	21	-
General Labourer	1,643	16
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	104	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	268	119
Apprentice (undefined)	33	15
Factory Labourer (undefined)	164	28
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	16	483
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	106	3
Town Drainage Service	11	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	56	1
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	36	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	1,096	5,427
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	1,096	5,427
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	818	26,136
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	54	28
[Blank field, or illegible]	764	26,108

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

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