Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List St Georges PLPar/RegD/PLU	Westminster St Margaret AP/CP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	990	104
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	44	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	140	24
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	180	9
Prison Service, &c.	60	67
Police	496	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	40	4
Other Local or County Official	26	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	1,899	7
Army Officer (effective/retired)	84	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1,706	5
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	12	1
Army Pensioner	54	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	12	-
Seaman, R.N.	5	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	23	-
Navy Pensioner	3	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	811	523
Clergymen (Established Church)	35	-
Roman Catholic Priest	7	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	3	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	13
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	18
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	8	8
Barrister, Solicitor	83	-
Law Student	22	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	117	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	44	-
Dentist	3	-
Medical Student, Assistant	27	5
Midwife	-	5
Subordinate Medical Service	6	162
Schoolmaster	57	135
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	14	97
School Service, and others connected with teaching	3	8
Author, Editor, Journalist	24	3
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	8	1
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	8	-
Civil Engineer	59	-
Mining Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	11	-
Painter (artist)	26	8
Engraver (artist)	6	1
Sculptor	4	-
Architect	34	2
Musician, Music Master	121	28
Art Student	7	7
Photographer	8	3
Actor	11	15
Art, Music, Theatre Service	14	2
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	12	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	19	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	2,072	6,080
Domestic Coachman, Groom	280	1
Domestic Gardener	7	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	1,140	4,291
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	22	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	444	129
College, Club Service	34	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	55	43
Cook (not domestic)	15	2
Charwoman	3	585
Washing and Bathing Service	28	988
Hospital and Institution Service	5	38
Others engaged in Service	39	3
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,009	46
Merchant	41	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	68	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	17	-
Accountant	23	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	17	2
Commercial Traveller	75	-
Commercial Clerk	688	41
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	6	1
Banker	11	-
Bank Service	34	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	27	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	2,124	18
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	2	-
Railway Guard	5	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	3	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	90	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	41	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	486	2
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	462	3
Tramway Companies' Service	4	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	53	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	3	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	41	1
Ship Steward, Cook	4	-
Boatman on Seas	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	23	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	75	1
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	813	3
Telegraph, Telephone Service	17	7
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	174	24
Farmer, Grazier	3	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	84	7
Shepherd	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	35	8
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	10	6
Gardener (not domestic)	38	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	433	4
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	9	1
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	344	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	65	1
Drover	3	-
Gamekeeper	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Fisherman	3	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	6	2
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	445	50
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	49	2
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	7	2
Bookbinder	55	37
Printer	298	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	17	5
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	17	1
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	2	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	396	12
Engine, Machine Maker	43	-
Millwright	10	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	69	-
Boiler Maker	6	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	3	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	16	1
File Maker	1	-
Saw Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	28	2
Philosophical Instrument Maker	18	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	23	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	10	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	4	3
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	30	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	125	3
Type Cutter, Founder	2	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,319	63
Builder	97	1
Carpenter, Joiner	502	1
Bricklayer	356	-
Mason	282	2
Slater, Tiler	20	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	107	-
Paperhanger	23	-
Plumber	117	-
Painter, Glazier	441	2
Cabinet Maker	106	29
French Polisher	43	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	18	2
Locksmith, Bellhanger	12	-
Gas Fitter	116	1
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	16	4
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	8	-
Others	2	-
Wood Carver	12	-
Carver, Gilder	25	-
Dealer in Works of Art	3	2
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	6	-
Artificial Flower Maker	7	19
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	231	6
Coachmaker	108	2
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	47	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	74	4
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	16	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	6	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	7	-
Sail Maker	3	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	64	4
Dye, Paint Manufacture	3	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	5	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	1
Chemist, Druggist	43	1
Manufacturing Chemist	11	2
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	38	9
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	36	9
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,241	197
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	127	19
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	17	71
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	53	17
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	113	2
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	11	2
Cellarman	42	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	23	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	71	12
Cheesemonger, Butterman	36	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	153	4
Provision Curer, Dealer	25	4
Poulterer, Game Dealer	9	-
Fishmonger	79	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	18	1
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	179	15
Confectioner, Pastrycook	49	19
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	86	11
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	130	9
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	16	4
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	259	145
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	8	3
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	5	3
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	-
Ribbon Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	3	20
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	-	1
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	4	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	9
Fustian Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	1	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	3	4
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	-	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	11	7
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	3	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	205	54
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	11
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	4
Embroiderer	-	24
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	797	2,130
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	23	12
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	7
Tailor	370	470
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	6	1,106
Shawl Manufacture	1	-
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	3	459
Hosiery Manufacture	2	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	13	8
Glover, Glove Maker	2	-
Button Maker, Dealer	2	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	281	33
Patten, Clog Maker	1	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	55	6
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	10	7
Accoutrement Maker	25	16
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	2	5
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	75	23
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	4	7
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	18	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	28	3
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	2
Brush, Broom, Maker	17	4
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	6
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	290	60
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Oil and Colourman	29	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Japanner	2	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	5	3
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	26	10
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	4	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	37	4
Sawyer	34	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	10	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	49	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Paper Manufacture	9	6
Envelope Maker	2	11
Stationer, Law Stationer	53	15
Card, Pattern Card Maker	1	-
Paper Stainer	-	3
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	7	5
Ticket, Label Writer	2	-
Others	4	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	923	35
Coal Miner	20	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	6	-
Mine Service	1	1
Coal Merchant	27	3
Coalheaver	65	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	-
Gas Works Service	124	1
Stone Quarrier	3	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	21	1
Slate Worker, Dealer	6	-
Limeburner	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	5	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	22	1
Paviour	14	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	7	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	2	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	8	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	9	6
Glass Manufacture	29	2
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	26	3
Waterworks Service	8	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	54	1
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	11	5
[Iron Manufacture]	53	1
Blacksmith	128	-
Whitesmith	24	-
Nail Manufacture	3	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	42	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	3	-
[Coppersmith]	12	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	50	3
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	14	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	11	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	83	1
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	5
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	4	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	10	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	2	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	4	-
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,113	493
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	207	99
Pawnbroker	23	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	195	169
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	34	8
Contractor (undefined)	7	-
General Labourer	1,333	9
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	107	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	118	38
Apprentice (undefined)	10	4
Factory Labourer (undefined)	64	10
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	15	155
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	59	8
Town Drainage Service	6	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	36	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	15	8
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	2	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	436	1,319
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	436	1,319
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	333	8,070
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	6	3
[Blank field, or illegible]	327	8,067

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)