Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Holborn RegD/PLU	St Luke Vest/CP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	254	15
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	25	12
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	74	1
Prison Service, &c.	4	1
Police	135	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	16	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	54	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	39	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	12	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	249	181
Clergymen (Established Church)	19	-
Roman Catholic Priest	2	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	9
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	4
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	1
Barrister, Solicitor	6	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	30	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	41	1
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	17	-
Midwife	-	8
Subordinate Medical Service	7	66
Schoolmaster	18	43
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	25
School Service, and others connected with teaching	5	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	4	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	4	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	3	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	6	-
Civil Engineer	6	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	4	-
Painter (artist)	10	3
Engraver (artist)	7	-
Architect	2	-
Musician, Music Master	17	8
Photographer	9	-
Actor	4	8
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	3	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	12	3
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	471	2,198
Domestic Coachman, Groom	39	-
Domestic Gardener	2	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	77	1,170
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	279	122
Office Keeper (not Government)	17	23
Cook (not domestic)	15	3
Charwoman	2	309
Washing and Bathing Service	20	538
Hospital and Institution Service	12	33
Others engaged in Service	6	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	555	29
Merchant	21	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	22	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	3	-
Accountant	5	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	33	6
Commercial Traveller	116	2
Commercial Clerk	339	20
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	-	1
Bank Service	3	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	12	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,932	25
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	4	-
Railway Guard	3	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	81	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	12	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	94	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	656	3
Tramway Companies' Service	6	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	18	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	25	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	47	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	191	4
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	778	16
Telegraph, Telephone Service	10	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	47	42
Farmer, Grazier	9	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	14	7
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	6	2
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	6	31
Gardener (not domestic)	11	2
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	152	3
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	5	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	98	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	33	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	3	-
Drover	7	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	1
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	4	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	979	366
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	29	3
Bookbinder	227	335
Printer	615	19
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	22	3
Others	7	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	64	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	8	1
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	7	4
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	756	42
Engine, Machine Maker	78	1
Millwright	5	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	77	3
Boiler Maker	2	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	10	1
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	2	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	21	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	8	-
File Maker	3	1
Saw Maker	8	-
Pin Maker	1	-
Steel Pen Maker	1	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	248	4
Philosophical Instrument Maker	37	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	24	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	39	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	13	11
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	3	-
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	32	3
Type Cutter, Founder	101	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	9	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	17	12
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	9	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,738	438
Builder	41	-
Carpenter, Joiner	298	3
Bricklayer	230	-
Mason	88	3
Slater, Tiler	8	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	26	-
Paperhanger	9	-
Plumber	47	1
Painter, Glazier	204	2
Cabinet Maker	313	62
French Polisher	133	33
Furniture Broker, Dealer	14	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	17	-
Gas Fitter	56	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	38	6
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	12	-
Wood Carver	15	1
Carver, Gilder	124	2
Dealer in Works of Art	3	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	15	2
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
Artificial Flower Maker	45	322
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	176	36
Coachmaker	66	3
Wheelwright	32	1
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Others	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	75	32
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	7	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	3	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	2	-
Sail Maker	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	72	19
Dye, Paint Manufacture	6	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	16	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	2	4
Chemist, Druggist	31	5
Manufacturing Chemist	15	8
Alkali Manufacture	-	2
Drysalter	2	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	84	49
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	62	38
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	22	11
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	916	135
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	100	16
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	3	9
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	58	14
Brewer	53	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	25	2
Cellarman	18	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	15	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	40	7
Cheesemonger, Butterman	23	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	158	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	23	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	7	-
Fishmonger	43	5
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	13	4
Corn Miller	2	1
Baker	121	7
Confectioner, Pastrycook	48	42
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	59	8
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	4	8
Sugar Refiner	3	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	85	2
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	15	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	260	248
Woolstapler	2	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	46	4
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	4	2
Blanket Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	9	1
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	24	18
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	-	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	3	14
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	3	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	4	22
Fustian Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	10	4
Mat Maker, Seller	11	6
Net Maker	-	1
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	4	3
Weaver (undefined)	3	7
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	12	4
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	4	1
Felt Manufacture	9	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	12	1
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	60	47
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	21	31
Trimming Maker, Dealer	13	60
Embroiderer	1	14
Others	-	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	1,042	1,701
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	54	29
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	3	22
Tailor	243	219
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	54	694
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	24	286
Hosiery Manufacture	1	6
Hosier, Haberdasher	18	193
Glover, Glove Maker	2	3
Button Maker, Dealer	15	27
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	418	118
Patten, Clog Maker	4	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	46	5
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	151	88
Accoutrement Maker	5	2
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	4	9
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	358	378
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	18	3
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	19	-
Comb Maker	1	-
Others	5	-
Furrier, Skinner	110	146
Tanner, Fellmonger	3	-
Currier	52	6
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	56	47
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	42	14
Brush, Broom, Maker	29	42
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	17	120
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	672	826
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Oil and Colourman	31	3
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	4	-
Japanner	8	3
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	12	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Others	3	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	17	16
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	6	1
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	54	19
Sawyer	50	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	4	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	70	7
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	48	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	14	1
Others	3	-
Paper Manufacture	47	57
Envelope Maker	10	87
Stationer, Law Stationer	89	40
Card, Pattern Card Maker	14	22
Paper Stainer	40	34
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	114	511
Ticket, Label Writer	15	13
Others	17	9
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,030	75
Coal Miner	-	1
Lead Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	2	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	12	1
Coalheaver	20	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	7	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	6	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	1	-
Well Sinker, Borer	3	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	6	2
Paviour	8	-
Road Labourer	3	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	6	-
Others	2	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	10	7
Glass Manufacture	76	2
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	10	3
Salt Maker, Dealer	3	2
Waterworks Service	1	-
Others	9	1
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	202	5
Gold, Silver, Beater	11	2
Lapidary	6	1
Others	18	10
[Iron Manufacture]	84	1
[Steel Manufacture]	4	-
Blacksmith	123	1
Whitesmith	9	-
Nail Manufacture	1	1
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	-	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	21	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	8	-
[Coppersmith]	19	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	68	6
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	12	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	14	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	160	3
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	8	18
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	21	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	40	5
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	4	-
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	3	-
Others	1	1
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,609	554
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	220	126
Pawnbroker	39	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	121	55
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	20	8
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	802	8
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	79	3
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	166	46
Apprentice (undefined)	12	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	125	20
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	23	286
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	48	1
Town Drainage Service	5	1
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	11	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	29	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	158	676
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	158	676
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	235	6,065
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	19	21
[Blank field, or illegible]	216	6,044

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)