Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Southwark RegD/PLU	Southwark St George the Martyr Vest/CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	225	9
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	27	6
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	97	-
Police	61	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	39	3
Other Local or County Official	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	41	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	3	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	18	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	12	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Navy Pensioner	3	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	530	370
Clergymen (Established Church)	9	-
Roman Catholic Priest	5	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	1	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	6	7
Theological Student	8	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	4
Barrister, Solicitor	6	1
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	52	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	26	-
Dentist	6	-
Medical Student, Assistant	42	1
Midwife	-	4
Subordinate Medical Service	6	125
Schoolmaster	152	108
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	3	27
School Service, and others connected with teaching	6	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	10	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	8	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	4	1
Civil Engineer	10	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	3	-
Painter (artist)	12	4
Engraver (artist)	14	-
Sculptor	3	-
Architect	7	1
Musician, Music Master	39	28
Photographer	22	8
Actor	30	38
Art, Music, Theatre Service	14	3
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	8	3
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	11	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	513	2,529
Domestic Coachman, Groom	24	-
Domestic Gardener	6	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	93	1,434
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	6	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	294	96
College, Club Service	4	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	4	11
Cook (not domestic)	25	15
Charwoman	1	373
Washing and Bathing Service	10	553
Hospital and Institution Service	21	47
Others engaged in Service	25	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	703	33
Merchant	10	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	30	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	13	-
Accountant	15	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	25	5
Commercial Traveller	128	2
Commercial Clerk	444	23
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	20	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	16	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	2,470	26
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	7	-
Railway Guard	26	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	6	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	148	3
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	8	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	153	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	827	6
Tramway Companies' Service	6	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	79	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	50	-
Pilot	1	-
Ship Steward, Cook	2	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	181	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	204	6
Meter, Weigher	-	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	766	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	5	7
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	57	18
Farmer, Grazier	5	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	27	6
Agricultural Student	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	9	6
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	6	5
Gardener (not domestic)	7	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	211	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	5	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	129	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	39	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	2	-
Drover	11	-
Gamekeeper	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	9	-
Vermin Destroyer	2	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	13	2
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	984	320
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	31	2
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	2
Bookbinder	127	287
Printer	728	22
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	26	3
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	58	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	8	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	5	3
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	728	27
Engine, Machine Maker	211	6
Millwright	9	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	212	1
Boiler Maker	62	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	2	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	5	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	14	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	16	1
File Maker	13	-
Saw Maker	4	-
Steel Pen Maker	3	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	41	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	7	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	15	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	17	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	13	4
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	13	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	20	1
Type Cutter, Founder	12	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	3	1
Toy Maker, Dealer	18	8
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	13	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,206	157
Builder	70	1
Carpenter, Joiner	422	2
Bricklayer	430	-
Mason	149	-
Slater, Tiler	27	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	77	1
Paperhanger	21	1
Plumber	73	1
Painter, Glazier	379	3
Cabinet Maker	187	55
French Polisher	91	6
Furniture Broker, Dealer	32	3
Locksmith, Bellhanger	5	1
Gas Fitter	98	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	26	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	21	1
Wood Carver	18	-
Carver, Gilder	56	3
Dealer in Works of Art	3	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	5	-
Artificial Flower Maker	15	78
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	215	16
Coachmaker	47	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	90	1
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Others	9	3
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	65	12
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	19	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	9	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	5	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
Sail Maker	4	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	104	21
Dye, Paint Manufacture	8	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	18	1
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	-	4
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	2	2
Chemist, Druggist	55	4
Manufacturing Chemist	16	5
Alkali Manufacture	2	3
Drysalter	3	2
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	68	34
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	60	29
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	8	5
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,340	224
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	94	10
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	14	22
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	61	16
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	8	-
Maltster	2	-
Brewer	46	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	34	4
Cellarman	40	7
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	20	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	38	6
Cheesemonger, Butterman	37	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	174	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	31	10
Poulterer, Game Dealer	5	-
Fishmonger	158	26
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	26	1
Corn Miller	2	-
Baker	215	17
Confectioner, Pastrycook	54	33
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	104	22
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	9	15
Sugar Refiner	7	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	142	24
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	19	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	341	175
Woolstapler	2	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	15	2
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	3	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	4	2
Ribbon Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	3
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	18
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	2	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	27	2
Mat Maker, Seller	38	15
Net Maker	1	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	13	27
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	7	6
Weaver (undefined)	8	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	18	4
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	5	1
Felt Manufacture	3	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	21	2
Manchester Warehouseman	3	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	156	58
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	12
Trimming Maker, Dealer	4	12
Embroiderer	1	10
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	923	1,790
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	133	95
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	3
Tailor	205	247
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	25	845
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	11	425
Hosiery Manufacture	3	4
Hosier, Haberdasher	26	53
Glover, Glove Maker	1	6
Button Maker, Dealer	6	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	421	74
Patten, Clog Maker	7	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	55	7
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	20	9
Accoutrement Maker	8	6
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	15
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	575	460
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	14	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	24	1
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Manure Manufacture	7	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	4	-
Comb Maker	2	1
Others	6	-
Furrier, Skinner	66	239
Tanner, Fellmonger	55	1
Currier	161	9
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	52	10
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	5	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	167	175
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	6	22
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	725	564
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	9	-
Oil and Colourman	38	1
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	17	1
Japanner	16	1
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	5	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	8	2
Others	6	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	128	73
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	7	2
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	79	10
Sawyer	69	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	10	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	45	53
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	90	1
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	23	4
Paper Manufacture	38	70
Envelope Maker	5	98
Stationer, Law Stationer	69	40
Card, Pattern Card Maker	4	3
Paper Stainer	7	3
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	37	189
Ticket, Label Writer	6	9
Others	9	3
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,319	53
Coal Miner	3	-
Coal Merchant	17	1
Coalheaver	54	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	25	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	17	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	2	-
Limeburner	2	1
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	8	2
Paviour	22	-
Road Labourer	5	-
Railway Contractor	6	-
Platelayer	4	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	19	-
Others	16	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	20	13
Glass Manufacture	93	8
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	18	2
Salt Maker, Dealer	2	1
Waterworks Service	6	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	37	3
Gold, Silver, Beater	7	-
Lapidary	-	2
Others	5	4
[Iron Manufacture]	212	3
[Steel Manufacture]	1	-
Blacksmith	211	-
Whitesmith	13	-
Nail Manufacture	5	1
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	48	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	9	-
[Coppersmith]	30	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	134	3
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	18	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	12	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	9	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	134	2
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	2	3
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	25	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	42	3
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	2	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	16	-
Others	4	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	3,005	646
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	284	112
Pawnbroker	64	2
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	385	186
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	37	4
General Labourer	1,919	15
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	130	2
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	78	34
Apprentice (undefined)	4	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	91	33
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	13	257
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	44	12
Town Drainage Service	7	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	11	2
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	17	7
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	9	3
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	184	1,194
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	184	1,194
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	351	8,449
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	17	15
[Blank field, or illegible]	334	8,434

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)