Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Lambeth RegD/PLPar	Brixton SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	684	31
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	340	29
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	134	1
Prison Service, &c.	34	-
Police	118	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	42	1
Other Local or County Official	11	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	60	4
Army Officer (effective/retired)	18	4
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	5	-
Army Pensioner	14	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	13	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Navy Pensioner	4	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,284	1,075
Clergymen (Established Church)	23	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	11	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	3	1
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	1
Theological Student	4	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	6	13
Barrister, Solicitor	118	-
Law Student	17	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	243	9
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	71	-
Dentist	17	-
Medical Student, Assistant	69	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	4	298
Schoolmaster	83	385
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	38	143
School Service, and others connected with teaching	12	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	77	6
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	43	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	10	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	9	3
Civil Engineer	79	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	48	2
Painter (artist)	42	32
Engraver (artist)	25	-
Sculptor	3	-
Architect	67	-
Musician, Music Master	82	108
Art Student	16	21
Photographer	24	17
Actor	10	20
Art, Music, Theatre Service	9	6
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	20	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	660	5,925
Domestic Coachman, Groom	216	-
Domestic Gardener	151	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	112	5,128
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	4	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	106	61
College, Club Service	9	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	4	1
Cook (not domestic)	19	7
Charwoman	-	131
Washing and Bathing Service	21	548
Hospital and Institution Service	14	47
Others engaged in Service	4	1
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	3,220	116
Merchant	149	3
Broker, Agent, Factor	236	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	64	-
Accountant	143	3
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	20	12
Commercial Traveller	452	3
Commercial Clerk	1,780	75
Banker	7	-
Bank Service	218	3
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	13	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	138	14
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,150	28
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Railway Guard	12	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	8	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	232	3
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	25	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	151	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	277	1
Tramway Companies' Service	10	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	8	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	5	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	40	-
Pilot	1	-
Ship Steward, Cook	3	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	8	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	180	5
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	173	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	15	14
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	312	3
Farmer, Grazier	16	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	28	2
Shepherd	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	26	1
Gardener (not domestic)	239	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	149	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	101	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	39	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	2	-
Drover	3	-
Gamekeeper	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	-	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	416	24
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	107	4
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	2	1
Bookbinder	33	12
Printer	213	6
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	31	-
Others	1	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	24	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	3	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	366	8
Engine, Machine Maker	94	2
Millwright	4	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	47	1
Boiler Maker	1	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	3	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	2	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	6	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	64	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	12	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	14	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	6	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	4	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	6	-
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	77	1
Type Cutter, Founder	4	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	9	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	6	4
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	4	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,252	31
Builder	187	-
Carpenter, Joiner	758	1
Bricklayer	316	-
Mason	117	-
Slater, Tiler	4	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	69	-
Paperhanger	28	-
Plumber	147	-
Painter, Glazier	378	3
Cabinet Maker	85	15
French Polisher	14	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	16	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	7	-
Gas Fitter	68	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	11	1
Wood Carver	4	-
Carver, Gilder	18	3
Dealer in Works of Art	11	1
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	1
Artificial Flower Maker	3	5
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	111	2
Coachmaker	50	-
Wheelwright	27	2
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Others	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	29	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	6	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	2	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
Sail Maker	3	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	104	2
Dye, Paint Manufacture	3	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	2	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	2	1
Chemist, Druggist	81	-
Manufacturing Chemist	15	1
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	47	8
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	47	8
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,562	202
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	69	12
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	5	90
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	24	7
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	8	-
Maltster	2	-
Brewer	35	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	25	1
Cellarman	13	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	58	2
Milkseller, Dairyman	117	4
Cheesemonger, Butterman	58	2
Butcher, Meat Salesman	277	8
Provision Curer, Dealer	41	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	19	-
Fishmonger	70	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	55	2
Corn Miller	9	-
Baker	227	31
Confectioner, Pastrycook	27	17
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	126	6
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	1
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	286	16
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	9	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	407	199
Woolstapler	3	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	7	1
Blanket Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	28	2
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	7	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	38	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	2	-
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	7	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	11	6
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	6	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	3	-
Weaver (undefined)	2	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	9	6
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	8	2
Manchester Warehouseman	11	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	236	136
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	14	27
Trimming Maker, Dealer	9	1
Embroiderer	1	17
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	549	1,123
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	26	6
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	1
Tailor	172	19
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	21	964
Shawl Manufacture	1	-
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	11	96
Hosiery Manufacture	11	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	53	10
Glover, Glove Maker	11	2
Button Maker, Dealer	2	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	186	11
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	41	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	9	5
Accoutrement Maker	-	1
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	4	4
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	93	2
Soap Boiler, Maker	3	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	8	-
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	12	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	9	-
Currier	37	2
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	6	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	11	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	2	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	297	51
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	8	-
Oil and Colourman	51	7
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	4	-
Japanner	1	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	11	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	5	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	23	-
Sawyer	13	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	13	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	5	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	21	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Others	3	-
Paper Manufacture	6	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	111	36
Card, Pattern Card Maker	1	2
Paper Stainer	2	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	5	2
Others	3	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	591	20
Coal Miner	14	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	3	-
Mine Service	6	-
Coal Merchant	20	-
Coalheaver	26	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	19	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	9	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	4	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	36	-
Paviour	3	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	7	-
Railway Contractor	19	1
Platelayer	19	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	14	-
Others	2	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	6
Glass Manufacture	16	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	18	8
Waterworks Service	24	-
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	66	3
Gold, Silver, Beater	2	-
Lapidary	1	-
Others	5	-
[Iron Manufacture]	25	-
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	72	-
Whitesmith	18	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	60	2
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	5	-
[Coppersmith]	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	11	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	5	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	27	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	7	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	4	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	3	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	940	109
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	77	36
Pawnbroker	25	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	18	5
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	39	1
Contractor (undefined)	14	-
General Labourer	602	3
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	45	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	61	30
Apprentice (undefined)	28	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	28	3
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	27
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	28	2
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	24	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	479	2,183
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	479	2,183
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	375	10,894
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	11	8
[Blank field, or illegible]	364	10,886

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)