1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List St Pancras RegD/PLPar	North St Pancras SubD	St Pancras Vest/CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	557	67
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	210	46
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	140	3
Prison Service, &c.	2	-
Police	160	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	33	17
Other Local or County Official	11	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	57	66
Army Officer (effective/retired)	16	65
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	10	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	5	-
Army Pensioner	17	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	3	-
Seaman, R.N.	3	-
Navy Pensioner	3	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,548	1,219
Clergymen (Established Church)	30	-
Roman Catholic Priest	15	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	13	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	26	11
Nun, Sister of Charity	5	9
Theological Student	13	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	14	-
Barrister, Solicitor	97	1
Law Student	11	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	275	5
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	59	1
Dentist	68	76
Medical Student, Assistant	51	1
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	12	303
Schoolmaster	113	301
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	43	248
School Service, and others connected with teaching	10	9
Author, Editor, Journalist	51	8
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	26	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	10	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	7	2
Civil Engineer	49	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	33	2
Painter (artist)	151	43
Engraver (artist)	61	2
Sculptor	11	1
Architect	66	-
Musician, Music Master	103	137
Art Student	21	27
Photographer	46	6
Actor	16	19
Art, Music, Theatre Service	16	2
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	2	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	23	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	492	5,593
Domestic Coachman, Groom	56	-
Domestic Gardener	39	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	122	4,213
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	4	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	205	101
College, Club Service	5	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	5	4
Cook (not domestic)	2	2
Charwoman	1	283
Washing and Bathing Service	44	968
Hospital and Institution Service	5	21
Others engaged in Service	4	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	2,696	118
Merchant	83	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	174	6
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	48	-
Accountant	106	3
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	25	14
Commercial Traveller	250	3
Commercial Clerk	1,764	88
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	10	2
Banker	7	-
Bank Service	138	1
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	88	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	4,344	47
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	324	1
Railway Guard	178	1
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	43	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	1,584	10
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	60	3
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	502	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	815	5
Tramway Companies' Service	12	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	2	-
Inland Navigation Service	6	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	11	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	6	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	39	-
Ship Steward, Cook	5	1
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	14	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	171	5
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	534	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	37	19
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	326	13
Farmer, Grazier	17	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	2	-
Farm Bailiff	7	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	55	8
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	9	3
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	15	2
Gardener (not domestic)	219	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	329	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	195	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	78	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	15	-
Drover	21	-
Gamekeeper	2	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	8	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	7	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	620	57
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	104	5
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	27	-
Bookbinder	52	41
Printer	341	4
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	24	6
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	61	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	6	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	5	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	1,442	40
Engine, Machine Maker	72	3
Millwright	1	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	106	2
Boiler Maker	5	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	6	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	6	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	8	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	8	-
File Maker	2	-
Saw Maker	1	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	60	3
Philosophical Instrument Maker	26	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	47	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	12	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	17	4
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	13	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1,013	18
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	14	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	3	8
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	3	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	13	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	3,781	152
Builder	177	3
Carpenter, Joiner	873	7
Bricklayer	474	1
Mason	146	-
Slater, Tiler	20	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	163	1
Paperhanger	48	-
Plumber	173	1
Painter, Glazier	685	3
Cabinet Maker	477	95
French Polisher	168	3
Furniture Broker, Dealer	33	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	6	1
Gas Fitter	116	2
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	24	2
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	17	1
Others	5	-
Wood Carver	57	-
Carver, Gilder	82	4
Dealer in Works of Art	24	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	8	4
Artificial Flower Maker	5	23
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	270	6
Coachmaker	132	3
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	32	-
Wheelwright	49	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Others	10	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	42	2
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	10	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	5	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	3	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	121	12
Dye, Paint Manufacture	23	1
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	8	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	-	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	3	2
Chemist, Druggist	74	6
Manufacturing Chemist	10	2
Drysalter	3	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	49	15
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	47	14
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	1
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,763	188
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	116	20
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	5	59
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	33	6
Maltster	2	-
Brewer	48	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	21	4
Cellarman	106	1
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	62	5
Milkseller, Dairyman	148	14
Cheesemonger, Butterman	91	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	277	6
Provision Curer, Dealer	33	5
Poulterer, Game Dealer	9	-
Fishmonger	73	6
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	36	5
Baker	235	13
Confectioner, Pastrycook	44	12
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	134	12
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	-
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	250	16
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	36	-
Others Dealing in Food	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	343	256
Woolstapler	3	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	8	4
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	12	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	11	-
Silk Dyer, Printer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	8	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	4	8
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	2	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	3	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	6	18
Thread Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Mat Maker, Seller	2	-
Net Maker	1	3
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	13	10
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	3
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	9	1
Manchester Warehouseman	5	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	232	129
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	9	20
Trimming Maker, Dealer	5	16
Embroiderer	-	42
Others	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	803	1,987
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	13	4
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	2	6
Tailor	332	65
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	14	1,679
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	10	161
Hosiery Manufacture	1	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	40	11
Glover, Glove Maker	7	-
Button Maker, Dealer	2	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	305	27
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	59	13
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	9	6
Accoutrement Maker	6	4
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	10
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	112	25
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	3	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	1
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	6	1
Furrier, Skinner	9	3
Tanner, Fellmonger	4	-
Currier	22	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	36	2
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	24	6
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	4	12
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	456	155
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	4	1
Oil and Colourman	51	7
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Japanner	13	2
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	5	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	12	-
Others	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	15	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	42	2
Sawyer	66	2
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	14	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	17	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	19	1
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	5	2
Paper Manufacture	16	1
Envelope Maker	-	40
Stationer, Law Stationer	127	61
Card, Pattern Card Maker	22	7
Paper Stainer	3	2
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	8	19
Ticket, Label Writer	9	6
Others	3	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,349	43
Coal Miner	3	-
Copper Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	4	-
Coal Merchant	59	1
Coalheaver	181	3
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	-	1
Gas Works Service	30	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	12	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	47	2
Paviour	15	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	5	-
Road Labourer	9	-
Railway Contractor	2	-
Platelayer	96	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	100	2
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	9	2
Glass Manufacture	58	5
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	23	4
Salt Maker, Dealer	1	-
Waterworks Service	11	-
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	196	11
Gold, Silver, Beater	5	-
Others	10	2
[Iron Manufacture]	38	-
[Steel Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	128	-
Whitesmith	22	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	68	2
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	3	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	12	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	46	3
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	25	1
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	15	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	49	1
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	-	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	9	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	23	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	11	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	1	1
Others	5	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,923	320
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	142	74
Pawnbroker	50	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	37	8
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	38	10
Contractor (undefined)	6	-
General Labourer	1,222	8
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	127	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	176	63
Apprentice (undefined)	24	9
Factory Labourer (undefined)	85	7
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	16	140
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	43	3
Town Drainage Service	4	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	27	2
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	6	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	6	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	520	2,899
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	520	2,899
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	442	14,223
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	20	10
[Blank field, or illegible]	422	14,213

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

---

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

JISC Portsmouth Back to top

• ©2009-2024 University of Portsmouth and others
• About this site
• Expert search
• Web design by Headscape