1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Holborn RegD/PLU St Andrew Eastern SubD
OCCUPATIONS. Males.
[1]
Females.
[2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY. 19 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Civil Service (officers and clerks) 4 Show data context -
  Civil Service (messengers, &c.) 10 Show data context -
  Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer 4 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Other Local or County Official 1 Show data context -
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY. 4 Show data context -
  Soldier and Non-commissioned officer 4 Show data context -
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES). 320 Show data context 79 Show data context
  Clergymen (Established Church) 6 Show data context -
  Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher 2 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Nun, Sister of Charity - 10 Show data context
  Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant 2 Show data context -
  Barrister, Solicitor 14 Show data context -
  Law Student 1 Show data context -
  Law Clerk, and others connected with the law 19 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner 3 Show data context -
  Dentist 1 Show data context -
  Medical Student, Assistant 1 Show data context -
  Subordinate Medical Service - 18 Show data context
  Schoolmaster 1 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Teacher, Professor, Lecturer 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
  School Service, and others connected with teaching 2 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Author, Editor, Journalist 1 Show data context -
  Reporter, Short-hand Writer 1 Show data context -
  Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c. 2 Show data context -
  Civil Engineer 1 Show data context -
  Painter (artist) 3 Show data context -
  Engraver (artist) 3 Show data context -
  Architect 1 Show data context -
  Musician, Music Master 246 Show data context 32 Show data context
  Art Student 1 Show data context -
  Photographer 1 Show data context -
  Actor 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Art, Music, Theatre Service 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service 4 Show data context -
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES. 86 Show data context 651 Show data context
  Domestic Gardener 1 Show data context -
  Domestic Indoor Servant 14 Show data context 333 Show data context
  Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government) 2 Show data context -
  Inn, Hotel Servant 46 Show data context 15 Show data context
  Office Keeper (not Government) - 3 Show data context
  Cook (not domestic) 10 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Charwoman - 150 Show data context
  Washing and Bathing Service 2 Show data context 145 Show data context
  Hospital and Institution Service 4 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Others engaged in Service 7 Show data context -
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS. 94 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Merchant 5 Show data context -
  Broker, Agent, Factor 6 Show data context -
  Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent 2 Show data context -
  Accountant 2 Show data context -
  Commercial Traveller 23 Show data context -
  Commercial Clerk 56 Show data context 5 Show data context
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES. 387 Show data context 9 Show data context
  Railway Engine Driver, Stoker 1 Show data context -
  Railway Guard 3 Show data context -
  Pointsman, Level Crossing Man 1 Show data context -
  Other Railway Officials and Servants 10 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper 2 Show data context -
  Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic) 39 Show data context -
  Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier 92 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman 2 Show data context -
  Navigation Service (on shore) 1 Show data context -
  Seaman (Merchant Service) 11 Show data context -
  Ship Steward, Cook 2 Show data context -
  Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service 5 Show data context -
  Warehouseman (not Manchester) 14 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government) 199 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Telegraph, Telephone Service 5 Show data context -
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE. 14 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Farmer, Grazier 2 Show data context -
  Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager 7 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist - 5 Show data context
  Gardener (not domestic) 5 Show data context -
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS. 47 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker 31 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier 5 Show data context -
  Drover 7 Show data context -
  Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer 2 Show data context -
  Fisherman 1 Show data context -
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS. 295 Show data context 180 Show data context
  Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian 1 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Bookbinder 59 Show data context 163 Show data context
  Printer 206 Show data context 12 Show data context
  Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper 6 Show data context -
  Lithographer, Lithographic Printer 15 Show data context -
  Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer 2 Show data context -
  Map and Print - Colourer, Seller 6 Show data context 2 Show data context
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS. 85 Show data context 13 Show data context
  Engine, Machine Maker 18 Show data context -
  Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine) 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Boiler Maker 2 Show data context -
  Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Tool Maker, Dealer 2 Show data context -
  Cutler, Scissors Maker 1 Show data context -
  Saw Maker 2 Show data context -
  Pencil Maker (Wood) - 1 Show data context
  Domestic Implement Maker 1 Show data context -
  Watch Maker, Clock Maker 10 Show data context -
  Philosophical Instrument Maker 9 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Electrical Apparatus Maker 1 Show data context -
  Surgical Instrument Maker 2 Show data context -
  Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer 10 Show data context -
  Type Cutter, Founder 15 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker - 1 Show data context
  Toy Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS. 390 Show data context 98 Show data context
  Builder 7 Show data context -
  Carpenter, Joiner 52 Show data context -
  Bricklayer 80 Show data context -
  Mason 22 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Slater, Tiler 1 Show data context -
  Plasterer, Whitewasher 11 Show data context -
  Paperhanger 8 Show data context -
  Plumber 12 Show data context -
  Painter, Glazier 58 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Cabinet Maker 27 Show data context 8 Show data context
  French Polisher 33 Show data context 27 Show data context
  Locksmith, Bellhanger 1 Show data context -
  Gas Fitter 8 Show data context -
  House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Wood Carver 2 Show data context -
  Carver, Gilder 20 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Dealer in Works of Art 2 Show data context -
  Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer 42 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Artificial Flower Maker 3 Show data context 56 Show data context
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS. 21 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Coachmaker 7 Show data context -
  Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker 1 Show data context -
  Wheelwright 3 Show data context -
  Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker 9 Show data context 2 Show data context
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS. 15 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture 7 Show data context -
  Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture - 3 Show data context
  Chemist, Druggist 7 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Manufacturing Chemist 1 Show data context 3 Show data context
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES. 13 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist 12 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker 1 Show data context -
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING. 256 Show data context 42 Show data context
  Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican 19 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Lodging, Boarding House Keeper 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Coffee, Eating House, Keeper 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Brewer 18 Show data context -
  Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer 2 Show data context -
  Cellarman 3 Show data context -
  Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent 2 Show data context -
  Milkseller, Dairyman 12 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Cheesemonger, Butterman 8 Show data context -
  Butcher, Meat Salesman 23 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Provision Curer, Dealer 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Poulterer, Game Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Fishmonger 17 Show data context -
  Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer 1 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Baker 45 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Confectioner, Pastrycook 56 Show data context 10 Show data context
  Greengrocer, Fruiterer 13 Show data context 12 Show data context
  Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer - 1 Show data context
  Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer 21 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer 1 Show data context -
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS. 26 Show data context 23 Show data context
  Woollen Cloth Manufacture 3 Show data context -
  Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Weaver (undefined) 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined) 2 Show data context -
  Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer 11 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Trimming Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Embroiderer - 4 Show data context
  Others - 1 Show data context
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS. 183 Show data context 250 Show data context
  Hatter, Hat Manufacture 5 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Tailor 81 Show data context 79 Show data context
  Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker 2 Show data context 76 Show data context
  Shirt Maker, Seamstress 1 Show data context 69 Show data context
  Hosier, Haberdasher 1 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Button Maker, Dealer - 5 Show data context
  Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer 72 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Wig Maker, Hair Dresser 15 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer 5 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Old Clothes Dealer, and others 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. 30 Show data context 24 Show data context
  Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer 6 Show data context -
  Furrier, Skinner 3 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Currier 6 Show data context -
  Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer 6 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer 4 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Brush, Broom, Maker 5 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer - 4 Show data context
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 90 Show data context 78 Show data context
  Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer - 1 Show data context
  Oil and Colourman 6 Show data context -
  Japanner 1 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Others 1 Show data context -
  Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker 9 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer 2 Show data context -
  Sawyer 12 Show data context -
  Wood Turner, Box Maker 18 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender 3 Show data context -
  Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer 3 Show data context -
  Others 1 Show data context -
  Paper Manufacture 5 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Envelope Maker - 11 Show data context
  Stationer, Law Stationer 15 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Card, Pattern Card Maker 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Paper Stainer 3 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker 4 Show data context 35 Show data context
  Ticket, Label Writer 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Others 1 Show data context -
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES. 312 Show data context 32 Show data context
  Coal Merchant 5 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Coalheaver 5 Show data context -
  Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer 3 Show data context -
  Gas Works Service 4 Show data context -
  Stone Quarrier 1 Show data context -
  Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer 2 Show data context -
  Plaster, Cement Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer 9 Show data context -
  Paviour 54 Show data context -
  Road Labourer 2 Show data context -
  Railway Labourer, Navvy 7 Show data context -
  Others 1 Show data context -
  Glass Manufacture 21 Show data context -
  Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer 7 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Waterworks Service 1 Show data context -
  Others 59 Show data context 12 Show data context
  Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller 17 Show data context -
  Gold, Silver, Beater 2 Show data context -
  Others 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
  [Iron Manufacture] 5 Show data context -
  [Steel Manufacture] 2 Show data context -
  Blacksmith 16 Show data context -
  Whitesmith 2 Show data context -
  Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant 2 Show data context -
  Other Iron and Steel Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  [Coppersmith] 1 Show data context -
  Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 30 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer - 2 Show data context
  Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier 22 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer 7 Show data context 3 Show data context
  White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer 3 Show data context -
  Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer 6 Show data context -
  Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker 1 Show data context -
  Others 2 Show data context -
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES. 920 Show data context 208 Show data context
  General Shopkeeper, Dealer 92 Show data context 62 Show data context
  Pawnbroker 5 Show data context -
  Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller 123 Show data context 101 Show data context
  Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined) 8 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Contractor (undefined) 1 Show data context -
  General Labourer 638 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural) 19 Show data context -
  Artizan, Mechanic (undefined) 19 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Apprentice (undefined) 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Factory Labourer (undefined) 9 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined) 4 Show data context 26 Show data context
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS. 13 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Town Drainage Service 2 Show data context -
  Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant 5 Show data context -
  Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper 5 Show data context -
  Rag Gatherer, Dealer 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. 26 Show data context 154 Show data context
  Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation 26 Show data context 154 Show data context
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION] 70 Show data context 1,080 Show data context
  [Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning] 6 Show data context 3 Show data context
  [Blank field, or illegible] 64 Show data context 1,077 Show data context

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1 This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2 In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3 NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4 The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5 Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6 In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.


Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)