Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List St Giles in the Fields and St George Bloomsbury RegD/PLPar	St Giles North SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	106	2
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	11	2
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	23	-
Police	67	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	3	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	11	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	6	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	258	125
Clergymen (Established Church)	7	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	2	2
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	1	2
Barrister, Solicitor	19	-
Law Student	8	1
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	28	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	22	-
Dentist	9	1
Medical Student, Assistant	28	2
Subordinate Medical Service	2	20
Schoolmaster	5	24
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	4	18
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	17	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	7	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	4	1
Painter (artist)	14	7
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	6	-
Musician, Music Master	24	14
Art Student	4	1
Photographer	4	1
Actor	14	24
Art, Music, Theatre Service	14	5
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	-	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	4	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	231	1,071
Domestic Coachman, Groom	48	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	59	766
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	94	32
College, Club Service	3	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	2
Cook (not domestic)	7	1
Charwoman	-	101
Washing and Bathing Service	4	166
Hospital and Institution Service	1	3
Others engaged in Service	11	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	243	18
Merchant	14	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	23	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	15	-
Accountant	11	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	4	4
Commercial Traveller	26	1
Commercial Clerk	128	11
Banker	3	-
Bank Service	15	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	3	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	439	9
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	8	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	19	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	38	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	114	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	4	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	5	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	19	6
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	229	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	-	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	13	3
Farmer, Grazier	3	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	5	2
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	2	1
Gardener (not domestic)	2	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	37	1
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	21	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	5	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	1
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	8	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	2	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	197	48
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	17	2
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	14	-
Bookbinder	16	40
Printer	129	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	4	2
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	12	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	3	3
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	108	7
Engine, Machine Maker	6	1
Millwright	1	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	12	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	6	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	3	2
Saw Maker	1	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Domestic Implement Maker	3	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	15	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	2	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	2	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	3	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	7	-
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	28	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	7	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	664	50
Builder	15	-
Carpenter, Joiner	100	-
Bricklayer	82	1
Mason	23	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	16	-
Paperhanger	3	-
Plumber	20	-
Painter, Glazier	116	4
Cabinet Maker	93	24
French Polisher	37	2
Furniture Broker, Dealer	12	2
Locksmith, Bellhanger	8	-
Gas Fitter	30	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	5	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	7	-
Others	2	-
Wood Carver	8	-
Carver, Gilder	66	3
Dealer in Works of Art	14	1
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	1
Artificial Flower Maker	4	11
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	84	4
Coachmaker	45	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	5	-
Others	1	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	32	2
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	2	-
Sail Maker	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	34	11
Dye, Paint Manufacture	5	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	14	2
Chemist, Druggist	9	4
Manufacturing Chemist	4	3
Drysalter	2	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	21	1
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	20	1
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	389	141
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	39	4
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	13	37
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	15	8
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Brewer	24	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	1	1
Cellarman	18	1
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	6	2
Milkseller, Dairyman	14	12
Cheesemonger, Butterman	4	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	39	2
Provision Curer, Dealer	20	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	5	-
Fishmonger	20	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	6	3
Baker	51	6
Confectioner, Pastrycook	12	14
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	42	7
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	15	34
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	37	6
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	7	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	62	67
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	5	2
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	4
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	1	-
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	1	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	3	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	-	1
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	36	22
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	5
Trimming Maker, Dealer	2	9
Embroiderer	1	20
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	381	576
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	11	6
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	1
Tailor	153	202
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	3	239
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	75
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	9	6
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Button Maker, Dealer	1	3
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	172	19
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	20	4
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	4
Accoutrement Maker	7	6
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	10
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	71	35
Soap Boiler, Maker	3	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	1
Others	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	5	5
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	23	4
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	24	4
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	2	4
Brush, Broom, Maker	9	5
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	11
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	74	70
Oil and Colourman	4	1
Japanner	7	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	2	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	9	3
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Sawyer	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	6	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	6	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Paper Manufacture	-	5
Envelope Maker	1	10
Stationer, Law Stationer	13	13
Card, Pattern Card Maker	3	3
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	3
Ticket, Label Writer	7	28
Others	8	1
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	318	18
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	7	1
Coalheaver	12	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	3	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Paviour	7	-
Road Labourer	2	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	3	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	4	-
Glass Manufacture	12	3
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	7	2
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	56	2
Gold, Silver, Beater	2	-
Others	5	6
[Iron Manufacture]	8	-
[Steel Manufacture]	1	-
Blacksmith	42	-
Whitesmith	8	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	12	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	9	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	25	1
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	5	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	38	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	2	2
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	19	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	14	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	364	159
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	45	32
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	66	69
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	1	1
General Labourer	183	1
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	12	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	29	10
Factory Labourer (undefined)	25	14
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	32
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	15	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	10	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	4	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	92	188
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	92	188
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	50	1,927
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	5	4
[Blank field, or illegible]	45	1,923

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)