Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Strand RegD/PLU	St Martin in the Fields SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	200	19
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	17	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	44	14
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	26	4
Police	92	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	16	1
Other Local or County Official	3	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	293	5
Army Officer (effective/retired)	47	3
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	212	2
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	6	-
Army Pensioner	7	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	15	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	2	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	394	163
Clergymen (Established Church)	9	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	2	-
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	2
Barrister, Solicitor	51	-
Law Student	9	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	21	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	36	1
Dentist	13	-
Medical Student, Assistant	16	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	5	40
Schoolmaster	13	39
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	5	18
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	32	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	5	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	6	-
Civil Engineer	27	-
Mining Engineer	3	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	3	-
Painter (artist)	21	5
Engraver (artist)	9	1
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	18	1
Musician, Music Master	17	9
Art Student	-	4
Photographer	3	-
Actor	24	32
Art, Music, Theatre Service	17	8
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	3	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	12	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	945	2,189
Domestic Coachman, Groom	74	-
Domestic Gardener	1	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	292	1,704
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	427	161
College, Club Service	49	2
Office Keeper (not Government)	34	8
Cook (not domestic)	48	1
Charwoman	3	138
Washing and Bathing Service	6	129
Hospital and Institution Service	4	41
Others engaged in Service	5	5
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	472	28
Merchant	67	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	37	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	13	1
Accountant	12	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	22	4
Commercial Traveller	32	-
Commercial Clerk	245	19
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Banker	6	-
Bank Service	28	1
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	7	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	708	9
Other Railway Officials and Servants	19	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	3	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	38	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	86	1
Tramway Companies' Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	3	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	9	-
Ship Steward, Cook	4	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	2	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	39	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	502	7
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	25	14
Farmer, Grazier	6	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	1	2
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	3	-
Woodman	3	1
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	9	10
Gardener (not domestic)	3	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	47	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	39	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	5	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	279	86
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	40	3
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	7	-
Bookbinder	30	67
Printer	170	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	9	8
Others	2	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	12	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	7	7
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	116	8
Engine, Machine Maker	22	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	11	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	20	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	10	3
Electrical Apparatus Maker	6	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	6	1
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	6	-
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	-	1
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	15	1
Type Cutter, Founder	2	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	5	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	389	26
Builder	16	-
Carpenter, Joiner	69	1
Bricklayer	41	1
Mason	14	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	7	-
Paperhanger	5	-
Plumber	16	-
Painter, Glazier	94	1
Cabinet Maker	36	6
French Polisher	7	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	4	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	6	-
Gas Fitter	29	1
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	5	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	4	1
Others	2	-
Wood Carver	2	-
Carver, Gilder	22	2
Dealer in Works of Art	9	2
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Artificial Flower Maker	1	8
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	118	5
Coachmaker	77	3
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	40	2
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	5	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	4	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	38	7
Dye, Paint Manufacture	5	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	3	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	-	1
Chemist, Druggist	21	2
Manufacturing Chemist	9	4
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	35	10
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	35	10
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	526	131
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	110	25
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	15	34
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	46	24
Brewer	35	-
Cellarman	20	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	17	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	15	1
Cheesemonger, Butterman	12	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	44	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	7	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	4	-
Fishmonger	33	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	9	-
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	44	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	33	18
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	47	11
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	-	2
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	29	2
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	4	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	134	67
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	11	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	8	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	2
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	3	-
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	12
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Net Maker	-	1
Weaver (undefined)	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	2	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	-	2
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	95	20
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	6
Trimming Maker, Dealer	4	13
Embroiderer	1	9
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	399	530
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	9	9
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	-
Tailor	214	142
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	10	260
Shawl Manufacture	1	-
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	83
Hosier, Haberdasher	15	1
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Button Maker, Dealer	5	2
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	108	6
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	23	10
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	6	7
Accoutrement Maker	2	5
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	2	5
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	60	26
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	9	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	-	1
Furrier, Skinner	-	6
Tanner, Fellmonger	2	-
Currier	9	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	28	5
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	6
Brush, Broom, Maker	6	2
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	6
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	87	34
Oil and Colourman	10	1
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	3	-
Japanner	2	2
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Others	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	4	3
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	8	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	8	1
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	4	-
Envelope Maker	1	8
Stationer, Law Stationer	22	11
Card, Pattern Card Maker	3	2
Paper Stainer	1	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	3
Ticket, Label Writer	-	1
Others	3	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	225	11
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	3	-
Mine Service	3	-
Coal Merchant	9	1
Coalheaver	4	-
Gas Works Service	4	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	2	-
Paviour	1	-
Road Labourer	1	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	-	3
Glass Manufacture	6	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	7	1
Waterworks Service	4	-
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	37	1
Gold, Silver, Beater	2	-
Lapidary	2	-
Others	6	2
[Iron Manufacture]	11	-
Blacksmith	14	-
Whitesmith	3	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	10	-
[Coppersmith]	4	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	24	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	35	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	4	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	4	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	2	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	8	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	380	111
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	51	35
Pawnbroker	22	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	29	12
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	13	6
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	178	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	17	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	38	19
Apprentice (undefined)	4	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	22	5
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	4	30
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	19	-
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	10	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	8	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	196	470
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	196	470
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	154	1,991
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	7	6
[Blank field, or illegible]	147	1,985

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)