Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Lambeth RegD/PLPar	Lambeth Church 2nd SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	370	8
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	2	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	66	3
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	70	1
Prison Service, &c.	14	-
Police	190	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	27	3
East Indian and Colonial Service	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	46	2
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	20	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	1	-
Army Pensioner	18	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	4	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	407	291
Clergymen (Established Church)	6	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	7	3
Theological Student	-	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	6
Barrister, Solicitor	5	-
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	57	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	16	-
Dentist	4	2
Medical Student, Assistant	31	-
Midwife	-	2
Subordinate Medical Service	3	109
Schoolmaster	31	75
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	6	4
School Service, and others connected with teaching	3	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	14	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	13	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	1
Civil Engineer	10	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	4	-
Painter (artist)	19	8
Engraver (artist)	12	1
Sculptor	14	-
Architect	7	-
Musician, Music Master	70	35
Art Student	-	1
Photographer	15	1
Actor	14	32
Art, Music, Theatre Service	10	5
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	12	4
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	16	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	359	1,638
Domestic Coachman, Groom	50	-
Domestic Gardener	1	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	64	768
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	195	52
College, Club Service	6	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	4	4
Cook (not domestic)	16	8
Charwoman	1	178
Washing and Bathing Service	9	620
Hospital and Institution Service	7	8
Others engaged in Service	4	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	532	20
Merchant	3	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	27	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	9	-
Accountant	9	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	9	3
Commercial Traveller	79	1
Commercial Clerk	368	16
Bank Service	9	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	16	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,398	15
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	5	-
Railway Guard	5	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	80	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	3	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	24	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	198	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	519	1
Tramway Companies' Service	14	-
Inland Navigation Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	56	2
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	20	-
Ship Steward, Cook	3	1
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	30	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	92	-
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	332	5
Telegraph, Telephone Service	10	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	66	15
Farmer, Grazier	4	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	23	2
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	25	5
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	6	7
Gardener (not domestic)	5	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	121	4
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	78	2
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	25	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	-
Drover	3	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	2
Vermin Destroyer	2	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	6	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	672	100
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	35	3
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	3	-
Bookbinder	61	89
Printer	525	5
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	10	1
Others	1	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	23	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	13	2
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	470	23
Engine, Machine Maker	89	-
Millwright	2	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	167	1
Boiler Maker	30	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	2	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	-	1
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	7	1
Tool Maker, Dealer	5	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
File Maker	5	-
Saw Maker	4	-
Domestic Implement Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	24	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	17	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	11	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	18	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	17	10
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	10	2
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	38	-
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	5	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	3	6
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	12	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,941	90
Builder	85	-
Carpenter, Joiner	447	4
Bricklayer	283	1
Mason	245	4
Slater, Tiler	15	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	60	-
Paperhanger	14	-
Plumber	72	1
Painter, Glazier	373	6
Cabinet Maker	117	25
French Polisher	51	1
Furniture Broker, Dealer	14	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	7	-
Gas Fitter	63	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	10	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	10	-
Others	1	1
Wood Carver	22	-
Carver, Gilder	39	2
Dealer in Works of Art	5	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	-	1
Artificial Flower Maker	6	44
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	225	6
Coachmaker	116	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	49	-
Others	13	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	46	6
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	24	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	15	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	2	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	3	-
Sail Maker	4	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	63	11
Dye, Paint Manufacture	4	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	7	2
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	3	3
Chemist, Druggist	40	-
Manufacturing Chemist	6	3
Drysalter	3	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	34	15
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	26	11
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	8	4
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	749	96
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	42	7
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	18
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	8	5
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Maltster	2	-
Brewer	21	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	26	1
Cellarman	32	2
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	9	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	47	2
Cheesemonger, Butterman	32	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	115	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	17	7
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	-
Fishmonger	54	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	15	2
Corn Miller	10	-
Baker	120	6
Confectioner, Pastrycook	16	15
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	66	9
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	2	2
Sugar Refiner	3	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	100	5
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	9	6
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	93	81
Woolstapler	1	1
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	7	3
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	1	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	1	-
Silk Dyer, Printer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	-
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	4	8
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	10	8
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	3	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	53	20
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	9
Trimming Maker, Dealer	2	7
Embroiderer	-	22
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	417	1,245
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	37	18
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	4
Tailor	111	153
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	6	660
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	14	342
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	10	23
Glover, Glove Maker	-	4
Button Maker, Dealer	2	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	185	21
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	31	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	10	3
Accoutrement Maker	6	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	4	10
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	152	41
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	57	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	8	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	5	2
Comb Maker	4	1
Furrier, Skinner	6	12
Currier	22	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	28	6
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	3
Brush, Broom, Maker	21	10
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	7
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	352	139
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Oil and Colourman	38	4
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Japanner	5	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	4	7
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	2	1
Others	3	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	21	16
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	3	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	63	8
Sawyer	52	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	14	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	15	10
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	44	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	9	-
Paper Manufacture	10	9
Envelope Maker	2	23
Stationer, Law Stationer	40	12
Card, Pattern Card Maker	2	1
Paper Stainer	4	2
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	7	42
Ticket, Label Writer	-	3
Others	9	1
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,154	44
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	1
Coal Merchant	13	1
Coalheaver	26	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	2
Gas Works Service	102	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	21	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	2	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	3	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	1
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	5	-
Paviour	18	-
Road Labourer	6	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	1	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	14	-
Others	9	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	299	19
Glass Manufacture	83	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	13	-
Waterworks Service	3	-
Others	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	36	-
Gold, Silver, Beater	4	-
Lapidary	1	1
Others	6	2
[Iron Manufacture]	95	2
Blacksmith	142	-
Whitesmith	19	-
Nail Manufacture	-	4
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	15	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	3	-
[Coppersmith]	15	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	57	2
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	7	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	90	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	5
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	8	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	12	3
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	3	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,424	212
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	116	54
Pawnbroker	15	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	36	8
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	14	6
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	992	6
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	83	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	82	15
Apprentice (undefined)	11	4
Factory Labourer (undefined)	55	12
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	19	107
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	29	3
Town Drainage Service	5	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	11	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	11	3
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	2	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	118	770
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	118	770
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	215	6,277
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	23	9
[Blank field, or illegible]	192	6,268

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)